Abstract

Importance: A stroke can have physical setbacks, such as diminished physical capabilities and limitations in quality of life. Identifying an intervention that can aid in lower extremity stroke rehabilitation is a pressing need in physical therapy due to globally increasing stroke rates.

Objective: This research assesses how virtual reality within lower extremity stroke rehabilitation impacts patient stability, mobility, and engagement throughout the rehabilitation process compared to traditional physical therapy.

Methods: This study used PubMed, National Institute of Health, and BioMed Central databases over 6 months. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials with stroke patients conducted between 2005-2025, focusing on the lower extremities and all levels of virtual reality: non-immersive (display replication), semi-immersive (controller-based), and fully immersive (head-mounted display). Exclusion criteria included meta-analyses, non-stroke participants, and studies outside the 20-year window. Data were collected and analyzed for patient mobility, stability, and engagement.

Results: Sixteen randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria. Virtual reality improved mobility and stability, positively affecting gait and balance. Additionally, participant engagement also increased due to VR's versatility. However, varying P values and statistical variance between studies prevent a conclusive statement on VR’s effectiveness in lower extremity stroke rehabilitation.

Conclusion: In summary, current literature shows that virtual reality effectively rehabilitates the lower extremities following a stroke. Further research should explore the timing of VR implementation post-stroke and conduct longitudinal studies with diverse populations. This intervention can improve the efficacy and engagement of stroke recovery.