Celebration of Scholars
Propagation of Muscular Contractions in Octopus vulgaris Utilizing L-Glutamate, FMRFamide, and Electrical Stimulation in Order to Determine the Presence of Motor Units in Papillae Related Textural Camouflaging Behaviors
Name:
Rachael Russell
Major: Neuroscience
Hometown: Appleton, WI
Faculty Sponsor:
Daniel Miller
Other Sponsors:
Type of research: Senior thesis
Abstract
One unique aspect of camouflaging in octopi is their ability to change the texture of their skin to match their surroundings through papillae, which are small protuberances of the membrane. The mechanism by which papillae are controlled is unknown, but it is believed to work similarly to previously studied muscular hydrostats. This study proposes the examination of the initiation of papillae expression by L-glutamate and FMRFamides by way of motor units in the dermal layer, utilizing similar methodologies to chromatophore research in octopi. The objective is to determine whether differing mechanisms are used to maintain sustained papillae expression and whether motor units are utilized in the production of complex textural patterns. In order to resolve this question, methodologies inducing action potentials using differing stimuli, voltages and frequencies on live tissues are presented. The expected outcomes are the determination of L-glutamate and FMRFamide as transmitters for short-term and long-term papillae expression, respectively and further understanding of the neuronal control behind observed camouflaging behaviors. Understanding the activation and elicitation of short-term and long-term papillae expression along with the structures of neuronal muscle activation is critical as new knowledge could lead to the creation of synthetic models for military applications. In addition, the complexity of the cephalopod nervous system in relation to invertebrate evolution would become more distinctive, potentially giving insights into the acquisition of these derived characteristics.